These statements contain forward-looking statements within the meaning of the U.S. federal securities laws, including, among other things, statements regarding Deep Fission’s development plans, anticipated project timelines, potential commercial opportunities, collaboration activities, and other future matters. These statements are based on current expectations and involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied. Important factors that may affect actual results are described in Deep Fission’s filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (as amended or supplemented). These statements are for informational purposes only and do not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities. Except where otherwise stated, information provided is as of April 28, 2026. Deep Fission undertakes no obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by law.

General FAQs

General

How does Deep Fission’s technology work?

Deep Fission will use established pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology, the most widely deployed nuclear reactor technology in the global commercial nuclear fleet.

What makes our system different is where the reactor is located. Instead of building large structures above ground, we are developing a small modular reactor (SMR) to be emplaced one mile below the Earth’s surface. The surrounding geology is intended to act as a natural layer of protection, designed to enhance safety and reduce surface impact.

Like all nuclear power systems, the reactor is expected to generate heat through a controlled fission process. That heat will be used to produce electricity in a highly monitored and regulated system. By combining established PWR technology with underground placement, we aim to deliver reliable electricity, while also limiting exposure to environmental and other surface-level hazards.

What makes Deep Fission’s approach unique?

The Gravity Nuclear ReactorTM design will combine three well-established technologies in a new way:

  • Pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology, which has been deployed for decades in commercial power generation
  • Drilling technologies, service providers and operational practices developed in the oil and gas industries
  • Established geothermal components and processes for energy transfer to the turbine generator at the surface

Each of these technologies is proven on its own. Our innovation is bringing them together in a deep underground environment with the goal of reducing reliance on surface infrastructure, supporting faster deployment timelines, improving security, enhancing safety and lowering costs.

By building on what already works, we are prioritizing deployment over invention.

How large are Deep Fission’s reactors?

Each Deep Fission Gravity Nuclear ReactorTM is a SMR targeted to produce up to 15 megawatts of electric power output (MWe).

These reactors can be deployed individually or grouped together at a single site. By installing multiple boreholes, projects can scale to produce hundreds, or potentially thousands, of MWe of generation capacity.

This modular approach allows capacity to be added incrementally over time, making it possible to match energy production with growing demand.

What level of fuel enrichment are you using?

Deep Fission will use low-enriched uranium (LEU), which is produced and fabricated by qualified nuclear fuel suppliers.

This approach aligns with long-established industry practices and helps ensure compliance with international nonproliferation standards and regulatory requirements.

Why place the reactor a mile underground?

Placing the reactor deep underground, around a mile below the surface, is intended to provide several safety benefits, including geological shielding and separation between the reactor system and the surface environment, reduced exposure to certain external hazards, increased security, and reduced reliance on safety-related surface infrastructure footprint relative to conventional nuclear facilities.

Importantly, the mile-deep column of water in the borehole is expected to provide the pressure conditions required for safe reactor operation. Water within the borehole is also intended to contribute to the reactor’s thermal management system.

In addition, going underground minimizes the facility’s surface footprint and visual impact.

What are the potential benefits to local economies?

Projects like Deep Fission have the potential to provide a range of economic benefits at the local and regional level. These may include investment in infrastructure, job creation during construction and operations, and increased tax revenues that support public services such as schools, roads, and emergency response.

In addition to construction jobs, these projects may support long-term, career-level opportunities, helping to build a durable local workforce.

There can also be a broader “network effect,” where these types of projects help attract new businesses and industries, and can help support existing employers and further investment in the region.

Together, these factors can contribute to sustained economic growth and long-term community development.

Is Deep Fission participating in the Department of Energy’s (DOE) Reactor Pilot Program?

Yes. Deep Fission was selected as one of 11 projects across 10 companies eligible to participate in the U.S. Department of Energy’s Reactor Pilot Program.

Authorized under Executive Order 14301, the Reactor Pilot Program marks a historic shift in federal policy, enabling reactor testing and deployment on sites outside of national laboratories. This initiative is a cornerstone of the DOE’s commitment to reform and streamline processes that will unlock innovation and speed up the development of next-generation nuclear technologies.

How will Deep Fission’s project get licensed?

Deep Fission’s project follows a parallel regulatory pathway that involves both the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC).

As part of the DOE’s Reactor Pilot Program and subject to DOE authorization, we intend to demonstrate the Gravity Nuclear ReactorTM.

For commercial operation, we intend to apply for a commercial license with the NRC, the independent federal agency responsible for ensuring the safety and security of civilian nuclear facilities in the United States.

This dual approach is intended to align both demonstration and commercial licensing pathways, as we are aiming to move these efforts forward together rather than advancing them in sequence.

How deep and wide is the Deep Fission reactor borehole?

Deep Fission’s current design contemplates a large-diameter vertical borehole extending to approximately one mile below the Earth’s surface. The planned boreholes are expected to range between approximately 30 to 50 inches in diameter.

 What is the purpose of the initial development wells being drilled by Deep Fission?

These activities are part of our phased deployment plan. The initial wells are intended to act as proof of concept, collect information about subsurface conditions and support engineering development activities. Geological surveys, site characterization studies, drilling evaluations, and related data collection efforts are being conducted to inform borehole design, drilling techniques, thermal performance assessments, and site suitability evaluations.

The specific number, sequence, and purpose of future wells have not been fully defined and remain subject to engineering development, testing objectives, permitting requirements, and regulatory review.

How is Deep Fission designing and validating its deep borehole deployment system?

Our phased deployment plan is specifically intended to validate these aspects of the deployment architecture and inform future design, construction, and deployment decisions before commercial deployment.

Our team recognizes that large-diameter deep boreholes present unique engineering considerations. Deep Fission's boreholes are expected to be lined with steel casing and concrete intended to maintain structural integrity and isolate surrounding geological formations. Evaluating borehole design, drilling methods, casing systems, materials performance, corrosion considerations, borehole stability, constructability, and long-term system integrity is a central part of the company's ongoing engineering, testing, modeling, and site characterization program.

Will horizontal drilling be used?

No. Deep Fission’s borehole design is based on a vertical deep borehole configuration.

How does the Gravity Reactor work?

The Gravity Reactor is based on established pressurized water reactor (PWR) technology and is designed to operate using proven nuclear engineering principles, designed to utilize 2x2 and 3x3 standard fuel assemblies with readily available low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. By relying on established reactor technology, it is intended to reduce technology risk, leverage well-understood NRC licensing pathways for PWRs, and benefit from existing commercial fuel supply chains and operating experience.

The deployment architecture differs from conventional reactors by locating the reactor approximately one mile underground within a deep vertical borehole. The Deep Geo Vault uses standard borehole drilled with existing oil and gas technology to create a secure, underground containment system. This naturally shielded underground vault is designed to enhance safety, reduce surface impact, and minimize costly mega-structures.

The Deep Geothermal steam generator will harness conventional geothermal technology to change subsurface heat into clean and consistent power efficiently. This integration of geothermal principles and nuclear engineering aims to maximize energy transfer and create a natural emergency core cooling system.

What is a pressurized water reactor (PWR)?

A pressurized water reactor (PWR) is the most widely used type of commercial nuclear reactor in the United States. PWRs use water to transfer heat from the reactor and generate electricity, and they have been safely operated for decades across the commercial nuclear industry.

Today, 64 pressurized water reactors are operating in the United States, representing the majority of the country's commercial nuclear reactor fleet.

Deep Fission's Gravity Reactor leverages established PWR technology, standard fuel assemblies, and readily available low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. By building upon proven reactor technology, Deep Fission is targeting a faster path to commercialization.

(PWR definition source: Nuclear Regulatory Commission)

How is the Deep Fission Gravity Reactor controlled and monitored during operation?

Like other pressurized water reactors, the Deep Fission Gravity Reactor is being designed with systems intended to control reactor operation and manage reactivity. The design also incorporates instrumentation, monitoring, and operational systems intended to provide information about reactor conditions and support safe and reliable operation.

How are maintenance and refueling considerations incorporated into the Gravity Reactor design?

Maintenance, refueling, and other operational considerations are part of Deep Fission's ongoing engineering and design process. Future operational approaches will be informed by engineering development, testing results, operational requirements, and regulatory engagement as the design continues to mature.

How does Deep Fission approach reactor safety?

The Gravity Reactor incorporates multiple layers of safety systems derived from established PWR technology and its safety is enhanced by the characteristics of deep subsurface emplacement.

Deep Fission’s development approach is based on phased validation, engineering analysis, testing, monitoring, quality assurance, and regulatory engagement. The purpose of these processes is to identify, evaluate, and address risks throughout development and operation.

How is the Gravity Reactor designed to support safe and reliable operation?

The Deep Fission Gravity Reactor design includes engineered safety systems intended to regulate reactor operation, remove residual heat following shutdown, and maintain safe operating conditions during both normal operating states, where the reactor is operating under routine operating conditions and planned changes in operating conditions, and off-normal operating states, where the reactor deviates unexpectedly from expected operating conditions (including equipment malfunctions and system disturbances).

How does Deep Fission evaluate potential reactor sites?

Deep Fission is conducting geological surveys, site characterization studies, drilling evaluations, and engineering analyses to better understand local subsurface conditions and inform borehole design, drilling methods, and site suitability assessments.

How are earthquakes and seismic activity addressed?

Seismic analysis is part of the Gravity Reactor design and safety evaluation process. Site suitability assessments consider applicable seismic conditions, geology, structural integrity requirements, and regulatory standards.

What types of site characterization and geological evaluation activities does Deep Fission conduct?

Deep Fission is conducting geological surveys and site characterization studies. Future investigation activities will be informed by engineering requirements, regulatory expectations, and site-specific conditions.

How does Deep Fission evaluate local geological and environmental conditions during project development?

Deep Fission's development activities include site characterization, geological evaluation, borehole planning, drilling analysis, safety analysis, and regulatory engagement. These efforts are intended to inform engineering decisions, assess site suitability, and better understand local subsurface and environmental conditions. Site-specific factors, including geological, environmental, drilling, and seismic considerations, will continue to be evaluated through engineering studies, permitting processes, regulatory review, and applicable safety and environmental assessments before future deployment.

How does Deep Fission protect groundwater, aquifers, and other water resources?

Protecting groundwater, aquifers, and other water resources is an important consideration throughout Deep Fission's site evaluation, engineering, and development process. Our boreholes are expected to be lined with multiple layers of casing, including steel casing and concrete intended to maintain structural integrity and isolate surrounding geological formations.

Protection of water resources is further supported through site characterization, engineering analysis, monitoring, environmental review, permitting, regulatory oversight, and compliance with applicable environmental requirements. 

How does Deep Fission evaluate long-term borehole performance and environmental protection?

Evaluating long-term borehole performance and environmental protection is a key component of Deep Fission's phased deployment plan. The borehole is expected to be lined with steel casing and concrete intended to maintain structural integrity and geological isolation. Our team is conducting engineering studies, modeling activities, drilling evaluations, testing, and site characterization work to assess borehole behavior, materials performance, long-term system integrity, and potential migration pathways.

Our approach also includes engineered barriers, monitoring and verification strategies, safety analysis, quality assurance, environmental review, and regulatory engagement. Components credited with safety functions will be subject to rigorous engineering requirements, verification activities, and regulatory review as the design matures.

What happens to nuclear fuel after it has been used in the reactor?

Like other nuclear reactors, operation of the Gravity Reactor will generate used nuclear fuel, which must be stored and ultimately disposed of in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements and nuclear waste management frameworks. Depending on the long-term disposal pathway, this may require interim on-site storage, transportation, and coordination with governmental authorities or third-party service providers. Our deployment model currently anticipates safe interim storage, pending identification of national, long-term storage solutions. The management and disposition of used nuclear fuel will be conducted in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.

What regulatory approvals are required?

Different project activities are subject to different authorities and regulatory processes. Any future commercial reactor deployment would require applicable regulatory approvals, licensing processes, and oversight.

What is the DOE Reactor Pilot Program?

The DOE Reactor Pilot Program was established to support the demonstration and evaluation of advanced nuclear technologies. Deep Fission is a participant in the program, which is designed to help advance promising nuclear technologies through a phased deployment plan that includes technical evaluation, testing, and regulatory engagement. As part of the program, the U.S. Department of Energy oversees and evaluates progress against defined program milestones, including safety-related activities and testing objectives.

What is Deep Fission's path to commercialization?

Deep Fission is pursuing a phased development and commercialization approach focused on validating the key elements of its deployment architecture. Current activities include site characterization, drilling evaluations, engineering studies, testing, regulatory engagement, and participation in the DOE Reactor Pilot Program. Future development milestones will continue to be informed by technical results, regulatory feedback, operational considerations, and commercial requirements as the program progresses.

What development and validation activities is Deep Fission currently conducting?

Deep Fission is conducting engineering studies, modeling activities, drilling evaluations, site characterization work, and testing programs as part of its phased deployment plan.

Where can I learn more about Deep Fission's technology and development activities?

Deep Fission has publicly released information through filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), materials shared as part of its engagement with the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC), its Conceptual Design Description, Regulatory Engagement Plan, corporate materials, and other public disclosures. Additional information, news updates, and company announcements are available on the Deep Fission website.

Why was Parsons, Kansas, selected for development activities?

Site selection is informed by a range of factors, including geology, land availability, infrastructure, development requirements, and project objectives. Parsons, Kansas, was selected to support Deep Fission's phased deployment plan, including geological evaluation, site characterization, drilling activities, and other efforts intended to inform future deployment decisions.

How does Deep Fission address community concerns?

Deep Fission is committed to engaging with the communities where it conducts development activities and believes that open dialogue is an important part of the development process.

We recognize that residents have a strong interest in understanding projects proposed in their area and is committed to providing information, listening to community feedback, and continuing engagement as engineering, testing, regulatory review, and project planning activities progress.

How does Deep Fission help ensure projects are safe for host communities?

Protecting people and the environment is a fundamental consideration throughout Deep Fission's development process. Our approach includes site characterization, engineering analysis, testing, safety evaluation, quality assurance, and regulatory engagement to help inform design and deployment decisions.

Our phased deployment plan is intended to validate key aspects of its technology and deployment architecture before broader deployment. We are committed to developing energy infrastructure responsibly and engaging with the communities that choose to host future projects.

How does Deep Fission help protect workers, communities, and the environment during development and operations?

Protecting workers, communities, and the environment is a fundamental consideration throughout Deep Fission's development process. Our approach includes phased validation, engineering analysis, testing, monitoring, quality assurance, and regulatory engagement to help inform design and deployment decisions.

These activities are intended to identify, evaluate, and address potential risks as the technology and deployment approach continue to mature. Our goal is to support the safe and responsible development and operation of energy infrastructure.

Could the Gravity Reactor provide electricity for data centers and other energy-intensive industries?

Deep Fission recognizes the growing demand for reliable, affordable, low-carbon electricity. We believe nuclear energy can play an important role in supporting future energy needs across a range of sectors and applications. Future deployment opportunities will depend on customer demand, commercial agreements, regulatory approvals, and project-specific circumstances.

What will the electricity be used for?

Future electricity generation could potentially serve utilities, industrial facilities, data centers, grid customers, or other energy users depending on project location, commercial agreements, regulatory requirements, and market conditions.

What land agreements support the Parsons, Kansas, project?

Deep Fission has publicly disclosed a long-term lease for approximately 100 acres within the Great Plains Industrial Park in Parsons, Kansas.

How does Deep Fission determine whether a site is suitable for future deployment?

Deep Fission evaluates potential project sites through geological surveys, site characterization studies, drilling evaluations, and related engineering activities. These efforts help inform site suitability assessments, borehole design, drilling techniques, and understanding of subsurface conditions.

How does Deep Fission approach future deployment and scalability?

Deep Fission's long-term vision contemplates scalable deployment of its technology. Depending on engineering design, site conditions, regulatory approvals, and project-specific requirements, future deployments could include multiple reactors or boreholes.

The timing, pace, configuration, and location of any future projects would depend on technical results, regulatory approvals, commercial considerations, and other factors.

Our current focus is on advancing a phased development and commercialization approach through site characterization, drilling validation, testing, regulatory engagement, and related activities.